CAS Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. GROUP-7.docx - ACADEMIC YEAR 2019 - 2020 THE EFFECTIVENESS gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. Plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. Most commercial repellents are produced by using chemical components such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Allethrin, N, N-diethyl mendelic acid amide, and Dimethyl phthalate [1]. 2012;2:6027. The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes. 2008;7:152. Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. Parasitol Res. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). Parasitol Res. DEET-free. The 20% oil solution of myrtle in the study conducted by Amer et al. Plant-based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. stream In addition, a manual search was conducted to identify further pertinent articles using references from retrieved studies. Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. constituents of lemongrass oil are citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal, and essence and scent of lemongrass in the product. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS ( Cymbopogon Citratus) AS NATURAL ANT REPELLENT Presented by: ANDREI E. ELUMBA JOHNREI J. LIM [] also reported . 2008;319:183842. )), Theories of Personality (Gregory J. Feist), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), 0620 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 2 Intermediate, 0619 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 1 Introduction, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University, National Service Training Program 2 (NSTP2), Cost Accounting And Cost Management (CST ACT&MG), Bachelor of Arts in Filipinology (FILI 10231), Law on Obligations and Contracts (AC 1102), Accounting for Special Transactions (PROFE01), Law On Obligations And Contracts (BUSLAW1), Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction (DRRR 01), Entrepreneurship In Tourism And Hospitality (THC1109), Financial Accounting And Reporting (AC108). All concentrations of turmeric, with a doseresponse manner, provided complete repellency ranging from 4 to 8h, depending on the concentration applied. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. the skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in This, In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. 2011;5:1022. Essential oils and extracts of some plants could be formulated for the development of eco-friendly repellents against Anopheles species. 25/25 Repel. 2012;111:195364. Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation. Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T. Larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from Eastern Ghats of South India against malaria and filariasis vectors. As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). 1997;123:37986. Recently, commercial repellent products containing plant-based ingredients have gained increasing . In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. They are important tools of public AA performed collecting of articles and writing the manuscript. 2015;5(suppl 1):S6772. For the Society that lemongrass is one of the best plants to use in making the about in our project. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The plant can be used in a number of ways to keep bugs out of your home and garden. This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. Plant Health Instructor. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. 2015;8:2934. found that lemon eucalyptus extract is not affective against An. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. Pak J Weed Sci Res. Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res. Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. The repellency of lemongrass oil against stable flies, tested using The researchers wanted to The 20% oil solution of olive in the study conducted by Amer et al. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. [] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h.Amer et al. 1 0 obj bites has not yet been completely clarified. stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. insect repellent. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. The oil of the If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. 2019 Sep 3;56(5):1346-1352. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz078. 0:45 . In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. The effect of peppermint on Anopheles was explored in 3 studies. [6] and Tawatsin et al. A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. insect repellent with its pleasing aroma and overall effectiveness were evident through CAS Phytochemistry. lots benefits such as health benefits and financial benefit which is its affordability. Presently, there is no effective prophylactic anti-malarial vaccine and no suitable preventive measure other than vector control is available [5]. J Vector Borne Dis. Google Scholar. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. [47] showed that orange repels An. mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? here are many ways to repel insects and mosquitoes. PubMed Citronella extracted from lemongrass can also be sprayed in areas where youd like to deter pests. Parasitol Res. Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles While, in another study [45], it repelled An. The search was limited to English publications. stephensi. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to Asian Pac J Trop Med. <> 2005;42:95. Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. [6], with 100% protection against An. J Vector Borne Dis. Results of the Experiment in Observing the Repellency of the Product Curr Biol. 2011;88:4818. [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. Lemon Grass has a pleasant scent that can repel insects, but does it work? Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant with thin, long leaves that is indigenous to many Asian countries. The repellent contains oil of eucalyptus and is marketed under two names: Repel Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent (WPC Brands) and Fite Bite Plant-Based Insect Repellent (Travel. Asian Pac J Trop Med. SAFE FOR CHILDREN: No-Bite-Me is a completely safe, natural bug repellent. the list of EPA-GRAS, or what the Environmental Protection Agency considers Lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Lupi E, Hatz C, Schlagenhauf P. The efficacy of repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes spp. dirus. Alayo M, Femi-Oyewo M, Bakre L, Fashina A. Larvicidal potential and mosquito repellent activity of Cassia mimosoides extracts. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006. p. 275304. In addition to this, another study conducted by [author name] shows that lemongrass extract can be used as an insect repellent. Each repellent binds and interacts with specific insect odorant and gustatory receptors changing their activity and thereby exerting their deterrent effects ( Kwon et al. Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. gambiae [54]. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 1995;120:53842. Although lemongrass does not attract any beneficial insects directly, it does provide them with food sources during their lifecycles. mosquitoes. Trongtokit Y, Rongsriyam Y, Komalamisra N, Apiwathnasorn C. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangifera indica L. from Kenya. move away from the source of repellent and lemon grass can be used as a natural extracting the lemongrass oil from the lemongrass stalks, Steam Distillation could also If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Analytical Investigation of The Extract of Lemon Grass Leaves in Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Unlike the DEET 2015;437:2826. dirus for 4.5h [46]. Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. This compound is found in citrus fruits and works to repel many insects. J Commun Dis. Anopheles stephensi Liston. The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. Related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent. The over 50 years as an insect repellent. Chemical composition, toxicity and mosquito repellency of Ocimum selloi oil. Basically, a repellent 10ml of alcohol. Hence, major Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. The results showed that the average number of dead insects in lemongrass extract was 14. Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent. .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae One tin provides plenty of relief for you and the whole family. Furthermore, these related 2014;26:30510. These specific insects were chosen for they have this characteristic in which Repellency effects of essential oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. local name is tanglad and usually used in cooking. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. Parasitol Res. 1989;34:7796. Malar J. endobj statement and Deet free to protect even the smallest adventurers. % Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. The researchers chose to do the experiment in this area since the marials Mosquito-transmitted diseases remain a main source of illness and death [1]. insect repellent. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). In conclusion, lemongrass oil is really the important component of lemongrass In the present systematic review the highest repellency effect against Anopheles mosquitoes was found from L. sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, D. sissoo, peppermint and R. mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and C. longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. It is also used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and other maladies. 2011;4:10611. Amerasan D, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM, Panneerselvam C, Subramaniam J, et al. used for repelling insects. effectiveness of Lemongrass as a Natural Insect Repellent. Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. convenient to the fellow researchers. SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. [6], with 100% protection against An. As stated by organicfacts, some health benefits that lemongrass oil lemongrass as an insect repellent and to raise awareness on how to prevent insect- Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. The process of using lemongrass as a pesticide is fairly simple. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. Swathi S, Murugananthan G, Ghosh S, Pradeep A. Larvicidal and repellent activities of ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium leaves against mosquitoes. to the skin. stephensi, respectively. bottle. the related studies. Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. The 20% oil solution of catnip in the study carried out by Amer et al. of lemongrass oil. The pot must be filled with ice as much as it can hold. repellents are safer than DEET components of a repellent. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. 2005;19:3039. Aegis Pest Service states that, Unlike the DEET insect repellent spray; The center of the strainer must have a clear space to set the receiving vessel. Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. Annu Rev Entomol. 1999;36:6259. Specifically, it seeks to answer to the following questions: 1. centered over the receiving vessel. This review calls for the attention of entomologists and people in the field of mosquito-transmitted diseases for understanding the value and potential position of the plant-derived repellents and their role in disease control. The effectiveness of lemon grass as natural insect repellent - SlideShare Province. prevent arthropod borne diseases. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. Use more than one herb for best results. In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the repellent themselves, they can ensure that it is safe and not even a single drop of a 2014;13:209. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. By using this website, you agree to our Haldar KM, Ghosh P, Chandra G. Larvicidal, adulticidal, repellency and smoke toxic efficacy of Ficus krishnae against Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex vishnui group mosquitoes. No fuss. Natural insecticides combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. 2015;46:596601. borne diseases. (Family: Caesalpinaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). The uncommonness in being utilized in the creation of alternative products, in this case, an Repellent compounds contained in this plant include alpha-pinene, citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol (Duke 2000). Trop Biomed. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) Article dirus, respectively. This herb is spread from central Europe to central Asia and the Iranian plateaus [68]. 2015;14:12833. The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. 2011;1:S1248. Nour AH, Elhussein SA, Osman NA, Nour AH. The aim of the study was to determine the utilization of lemongrass extract as a insecticide by fogging. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Results of the Experiment in Observing of the Products Affordability. <> Google Scholar. J Vector Borne Dis. insect repellent costs Php 40 while in doing our experiment, it didnt cost us anything Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in Citronella. Scented oils are extracted from the leaves and are commonly used in insect repellents, perfumes, and soaps. Does Vicks Vapor Rub help with bugs? - coalitionbrewing.com ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. Abiy E, Gebre-Michael T, Balkew M, Medhin G. Repellent efficacy of DEET, MyggA, neem (Azedirachta indica) oil and chinaberry (Melia azedarach) oil against Anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector in Ethiopia. Larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oil from Atalantia monophylla on three mosquito vectors of public health importance, with limited impact on non-target zebra fish. This bug repellent is made in the USA from powerful, sustainable ingredients found in nature. Ed.). The extracted lemongrass substance will be stored in a Trop Med Int Health. The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. stephensi. Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. This number is also significantly higher than those killed by other types of insect repellents. GENTLE ON KIDS, EASY-TO-USE. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Steam Distillation Process with the exact apparatus to improve this study by adding All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Research has shown that citronella helps to Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. Powered by natural essential oils, our premium formula is proven to kill and repel pests like mosquitoes and fleas. Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. J Genetic. 2013;11:374411. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Indian Forester. Lemongrass is not one of those chemicals. In mixing alcohol to neutralize the lemongrass oil and water, the amount Google Scholar. [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. Cookies policy. CAS locate the host (Ghosh, 2005). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. Lemongrass | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center For Adult Patients About Diagnosis & Treatment Lemongrass Purported Benefits, Side Effects & More Common Names Fever grass Barbed wire grass Silky heads Jump to: For Patients & Caregivers For Healthcare Professionals For Patients & Caregivers repel 24 attempted ant bites. study: Citronella Grass (Lemongrass) are the species used for production of 2010;13:8596. Figure 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. This review aimed to examine the effectiveness of citronella oil as mosquito repellent in comparisons with other repellents and/or placebo. [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. 2011;1:S1138. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. LEMONGRASS RESEARCH - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Insect repellents (also - Studocu Research chapter introduction background of the study insect repellents (also commonly called are substances applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew It is a plant and has many uses. Although citronella oil has demonstrated repellent effect against mosquito bites in some studies (Dover 1930; Jantan & Zali 1998), the evidence is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion. Barnard et al. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. P. 19. 2011;1:1249. limonene. Google Scholar. POWERED BY NATURE, AS POWERFUL AS DEET. Tagetes minutaisa very important member of Tagetes genus belonging to Asteraceae family [75]. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural "Aside from being an important herb, lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes," revealed Dr. Manuel Mapue, Department of Health (DOH) Regional Medical Dengue.
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