karate run specific feature file karate run specific feature file

Here is a summary of what the different shapes mean in Karate: There is no need to prefix variable names with $ on the left-hand-side of match statements because it is implied. Note that karate.signal() (described as part of the listen keyword) will be called internally and the listenResult will be the payload contents of the selected message. EDIT: Karate now supports being able to use a line-number, for e.g. Only recommended for advanced users, but this guarantees a routine is run only once, even when running tests in parallel. } when a string coming from an external process is dynamic - and whether it is JSON or XML is not known in advance, see, get the value of a variable by name (or JsonPath expression), if not found - this returns, returns only the keys of a map-like object, log to the same logger (and log file) being used by the parent process, logging can be suppressed with, access to the Karate logger directly and log in debug. The above example does not use shared scope, which means that the variables in the calling (parent) feature are not shared by the called my-signin.feature. On the other hand, if you are expecting a variable in the Background to be modified by one Scenario so that later ones can see the updated value - that is not how you should think of them, and you should combine your flow into one scenario. #string Karate | karate - GitHub Pages The first argument to karate.callSingle() is used as the cache key. It short-cuts to the pre-defined variable responseHeaders and reduces some complexity - because strictly, HTTP headers are a multi-valued map or a map of lists - the Java-speak equivalent being Map>. Open a feature file after you have installed the plug-in. } This is a problem especially for expensive, time-consuming HTTP calls, and this has been an open issue for a long time. But there is an elegant way you can specify a default value using the karate.get() API: A word of caution: we recommend that you should not over-use Karates capability of being able to re-use features. Note that #present and #notpresent only make sense when you are matching within a JSON or XML context or using a JsonPath or XPath on the left-hand-side. Format of the trustStore file. _ > 0' }, # when validation logic is an 'equality' check, an embedded expression works better, Then match temperature contains { fahrenheit, # when the response is binary (byte-array), # incidentally, match and assert behave exactly the same way for strings, # if b can be present (optional) but should always be null, """ If not, please refer to Karate's official , GitHub page which gives you a complete insight of Karate and how to set-up your project. karate.appendTo(idxs, i); Step 3: Add steps to run a sample GET API request. So when you use the combination of callonce in a Background, you can indeed get the same effect as using a @BeforeClass annotation, and you can find examples in the karate-demo, such as this one: callonce.feature. This means that as long as the token on file is valid, you can save time by not having to make the one or two HTTP calls needed to sign-in or create throw-away users in your SSO store. Karate does not attempt to have tests be in natural language like how Cucumber tests are traditionally expected to be. OR: To run every feature that has either of the @F1 and @F2 tags (runs both) {@F1,@F2}, Combining OR and AND: To run feature that has either of @F1,@F2,@F3 tags but not @F4 tag. This is actually the intent most of the time and is convenient. A handler function is needed only if you have to ignore some incoming traffic and stop the wait when a certain payload arrives. Also take a look at how a special case of embedded-expressions can remove key-value pairs from a JSON (or XML) payload: Remove if Null. {@F1,@F2,@F3,. This is best explained via, returns the size of the map-like or list-like object. cucumber. Singapore | Facts, Geography, History, & Points of Interest And you can easily assert that the data is as expected by comparing it with another JSON or XML object. Karates capabilities include being able to run tests in parallel, HTML reports and compatibility with Continuous Integration tools. But note that ##null can be used to represent a convention that many teams adopt, which is that keys with null values are stripped from the JSON payload. auth tokens) only once for all of your tests. Prefer classpath: when a file is expected to be heavily re-used all across your project. And if being called in a loop, a built-in variable called __loop will also be available that will hold the value of the current loop index. By default, Karate will load all *.feature files from sub-directories as well. The section on Karate Expressions goes into the details. It typically ends up being a one-liner that appears in the Background section at the start of your test-scripts. All arrays no matter the depth will be checked in this way. created: { on: "#ignore" }, For more complex functions you are better off using the multi-line doc-string approach. This example also shows how you can use a custom placeholder format instead of the default: Refer to this file for a detailed example: replace.feature. Modifying existing JSON and XML is natively supported by Karate via the set keyword, and replace is primarily intended for dealing with raw strings. How to save karate.prevrequest between feature files? One pattern you can adopt is to create a factory method that returns a Java function - where you can easily delegate to the logic you want. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. Mac: Cmd+V. The $varName form is used on the right-hand-side of Karate expressions and is slightly different from pure JsonPath expressions which always begin with $. In This video explained how to call one feature file from another feature file by using the call and read functions. } }, (with no space in between). Also note that you dont use @Karate.Test for the method, and you just use the normal JUnit 5 @Test annotation. """, # karate's unified data handling means that even 'match' works, # which means that checking if a cookie does NOT exist is a piece of cake, # check if the response status is either of two values, # this may be sufficient to check a range of values. Defining the request is mandatory if you are using an HTTP method that expects a body such as post. A typical need would be to perform a sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested. All JS native array operations can be used, such as someName.reverse(). And for dealing with binary content - see bytes. Any valid XPath expression is allowed on the left-hand-side of a match statement. But, unlike Cucumber, the steps do not require a . . Before we get to the HTTP keywords, it is worth doing a recap of the various shapes that the right-hand-side of an assignment statement can take: They are url, path, request, method and status. Here is a sample logback-test.xml for you to get started. Note that forcing Scenario-s to run in a particular sequence is an anti-pattern, and should be avoided as far as possible. This is best explained in this example that involves listening to an ActiveMQ / JMS queue. Embedded expressions also make more sense in validation and schema-like short-cut situations. You can adjust configuration settings for the HTTP client used by Karate using this keyword. Note how we read as a string, but cast to JSON: If you want to use the triple-quote / multi-line way of defining JSON or if you have to use XML - you can use text and cast to JSON or XML as a second step - before using in a match: Karates match is strict, and the case where a JSON key exists but has a null value (#null) is considered different from the case where the key is not present at all (#notpresent) in the payload. if an API needs to be called to get a JSON array, you can call a separate Scenario to set up this data. Set its name to "Karate tests". Each array element is expected to be a JSON object, and for each object - the behavior will be as described above. But again, you can return a JSON object. Run Cucumber Test from Maven Command Line - QA Automation Expert In the first feature file creating a Git Repo. Notice how once the authToken variable is initialized, it is used by the above function to generate headers for every HTTP call made as part of the test flow. This capability is triggered when the table consists of a single cell, i.e. Also note that you can run a scenario by name, for e.g. 8 How to test the Karate API cheat sheet? and & will be automatically inserted. var nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]; Embedded expressions are useful when you have complex JSON read from files, because you can auto-replace (or even remove) data-elements with values dynamically evaluated from variables. . Karate DSL : Getting started - Knoldus Blogs Since replace auto-converts the result to a string, make sure you perform type conversion back to JSON (or XML) if applicable. JavaScript Functions are also native. How to call a feature file from another feature file in karate The match keyword will work as you expect. "arr": [ Easy to create a framework. How can we prove that the supernatural or paranormal doesn't exist? Assuming the above code is in a file called my-headers.js, the next section on calling other feature files shows how it looks like in action at the beginning of a test script. This is very useful to boil-down those common steps that you may have to perform at the start of multiple test-scripts - into one-liners. Karates native support for JSON means that you can assign parts of a JSON instance into another variable, which is useful when dealing with complex response payloads. The function argument is the row-index, so you can easily determine when to stop the generation of data. Karate will also run Scenario-s in parallel by default. You can organize multiple common utilities into a single re-usable feature file as follows e.g. In fact, this is the mechanism used when karate-config.js is processed on start-up. Let's write a scenario test using the Karate Framework - GitHub Pages Normally in dev mode, you will use your IDE to run a *.feature file directly or via the companion runner JUnit Java class. The demo also features code-coverage using Jacoco, and some tips for even non-Java back-ends. This is especially relevant when manipulating GraphQL queries - because although they look suspiciously like JSON, they are not, and tend to confuse Karates internals. Observe how the get shortcut is used to distill the result array of variable envelopes into an array consisting only of response payloads. convenient way to execute an OS specific command and return the console output e.g. Here are some examples: Refer to this file for a comprehensive set of XML examples: xml.feature. How to call custom Java code in karate API tests? Checking if a string is contained within another string is a very common need and match (name) contains works just like youd expect: For case-insensitive string comparisons, see how to create custom utilities or karate.lowerCase(). ] It is worth internalizing that during test-execution, it is upon the method keyword that the actual HTTP request is issued. When you use Karate, all your data assertions can be done in pure JSON and without needing a thick forest of companion Java objects. Now, since this Karate Framework is using the Runner file, which also is needed in Cucumber to run the feature files, so most of the writing will follow the Cucumber standards. var foo = function(v){ return v * v }; How to specify a single scenario with jar file? None of the examples in the documentation use the $varName form on the LHS, and this is the recommended best-practice. Run Test from Command Line. Also note how you can wrap the LHS of the match in parentheses in the rare cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default. How to check service status in karate DSL? You can add (or over-ride) variables by passing a call argument as shown above. we need to have our first feature file which will be called from the second feature file.Here I'm trying to explain using the Git Repo APIs. So you can do things like this: * def name = name + __loop - or you can use the loop index value for looking up other values that may be in scope - in a data-driven style. The built-in retry until syntax should suffice for most needs, but if you have some specific needs, this demo example (using JavaScript) should get you up and running: polling.feature. This is very common in the world of Maven users and keep in mind that these are tests and not production code. You can imagine how this greatly simplifies setting up tests for boundary conditions. You could always do this in two steps: As a convenience, embedded expressions are supported on the Right Hand Side of a match statement even for quoted string literals: And do note that in Karate 1.0 onwards, ES6 string-interpolation within backticks is supported: An alternative to embedded expressions (for JSON only) is to enclose the entire payload within parentheses - which tells Karate to evaluate it as pure JavaScript. For those who may prefer YAML as a simpler way to represent data, Karate allows you to read YAML content from a file - and it will be auto-converted into JSON. If you are a Java developer - Karate requires at least Java 8 and then either Maven, Gradle, Eclipse or IntelliJ to be installed. } // so now the txid_header would be a unique uuid for each request, // hard coded here, but also can be as dynamic as you want, // use the 'karate' helper to do a 'safe' get of a 'dynamic' variable, // the 'appId' variable here is expected to have been set via karate-config.js (bootstrap init) and will never change, # second HTTP call, to get a list of 'projects', # if foo is not defined, it will default to 42. a named JsonPath or XPath expression - e.g. But this does not limit you in any way, because similar to how you can call *.feature files, you can pass a whole JSON object as the argument. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). And such re-use makes it easier to re-factor tests when needed, which is great for maintainability. The name of the class doesnt matter, and it will automatically run any *.feature file in the same package. { There are a few situations where this comes in handy: As a convenience, you can omit the eval keyword and so you can shorten the above to: This is very convenient especially if you are calling a method on a variable that has been defined such as the karate object, and for general-purpose scripting needs such as UI automation. isValidTime(_)' This is technically not in the key-value form: multipart field name = 'foo', but logically belongs here in the documentation. 5678 Naturally, only one value can be returned. Refer to this example for more details: graphql.feature. "a": 1, Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Why is there a voltage on my HDMI and coaxial cables? The function is expected to return a JSON object and all keys and values in that JSON object will be made available as script variables. For teams familiar with or currently using REST-assured, this detailed comparison of Karate vs REST-assured - can help you evaluate Karate. """, """ { "roomInformation": [{ "roomPrice": 618.4 }], "totalPrice": 618.4 }, english Anyway, there are times when you may want to force integers (perhaps for cosmetic reasons) and you can easily do so using the double-tilde short-cut: ~~. But when you deal with complex, nested JSON (or XML) - it may be easier in some cases to use replace, especially when you want to substitute multiple placeholders with one value, and when you dont need array manipulation. var SimpleDateFormat = Java.type('java.text.SimpleDateFormat'); You can do this by multiplying by 1 or using the built-in JavaScript parseInt() function: As per the JSON spec, all numeric values are treated as doubles, so for integers - it really doesnt matter if there is a decimal point or not. This will always hold the contents of the response as a byte-array. As a rule of thumb, prefer match over assert, because match failure messages are more detailed and descriptive. To do that, add the following: And then the above command in Gradle would look like: The recommended way to define and run test-suites and reporting in Karate is to use the parallel runner, described in the next section. Can be expressions that will be evaluated. The karate-chrome Docker is an image created from scratch, using a Java / Maven image as a base and with the following features: Chrome in "full" mode (non-headless) Chrome DevTools protocol exposed on port 9222. feature file from your Java IDE, you just need the following empty test-class in the same package. // trigger download of latest image with custom file name var JavaDemo = Java.type('com.mycompany.JavaDemo'); The first option using shared scope should be fine for most projects, but if you want to name space your functions, use isolated scope: You can even move commonly used routines into karate-config.js which means that they become global. You can also compare images using Karate path prefixes (e.g. You could use it for hard-coded absolute paths in dev mode, but is obviously not recommended for CI test-suites. So now, complex payloads (that include arrays) can easily be validated in one step by combining validation markers like so: Especially note the re-use of the oddSchema both as an embedded-expression and as an array validation (on the last line). Standard JavaScript syntax rules apply, but the right-hand-side should begin with the function keyword if declared in-line. This is like the opposite of set if you need to remove keys or data elements from JSON or XML instances. Step-4: Runners and Tags, Parallel Runners, Cucumber Report - kloia if there is no matching tag - that the Examples without a tag will be executed. You can perform database validations with karate by following the below steps. This is great for testing boundary conditions against a single end-point, with the added bonus that your test becomes even more readable. { id: 42, name: 'Wild' } #(lang)#(user), """ Observe the usage of Scenario Outline: instead of Scenario:, and the new Examples: section. #10, #15: There must be a structure expected as a response of the API. For example - if a response data element or downloaded file is YAML and you need to use the data in subsequent steps. But, you will need runners to run your test cases on the CI/CD pipelines.Here, you can implement the JUnit runner classes and use them to execute your test cases.. Karate will execute all the feature files with the same level and the levels below within the runner class. Karate supports the following functional-style operations via the JS API - karate.map(), karate.filter() and karate.forEach(). Other errors could be a java.net.URISyntaxException and match not working as expected because of special or foreign characters, e.g. } 9 How to assert a null response in karate? This is very close to how custom keywords work in other frameworks. When expressing expected results (in JSON or XML) you can mark some fields to be ignored when the match (comparison) is performed. Also look at the demo examples, especially dynamic-params.feature - to compare the above approach with how the Cucumber Scenario Outline: can be alternatively used for data-driven tests. Here is an example JavaScript function that uses some variables in the context (which have been possibly set as the result of a sign-in) to build the Authorization header. And match (name) contains is how you can do so: Note that match contains will not recurse any nested JSON chunks so use match contains deep instead. By default, the value of karate.env when you access it within karate-config.js - would be null. Heres how it works: Here is a contrived example that uses match each, contains and the #? The tests eecutes fine if i use maven command or run from runner file( .java). Refer to this case study for how dramatic the reduction of lines of code can be. This is a good time to deep-dive into JsonPath, which is perfect for slicing and dicing JSON into manageable chunks. For another example, see: examples.feature. But if you need to use values in the response headers - they will be in a variable named responseHeaders. But there are cases where you need to take custom actions like saving a response to a file, file reading or writing, etc. JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. Create a Test Runner class. The most important feature of Karate isno coding. Although it is just a few lines of code, take time to study the above example carefully. Karate has a very useful payload templating approach. there is exactly one row and one column in the table. karate.appendTo(vals, y); Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). Theres also a cross-platform stand-alone executable for teams not comfortable with Java. Given the examples above, it has to be said that a best practice with Karate is to avoid JavaScript for loops as far as possible. Karate with Gatling - Knoldus Blogs The specific value here varies from request to request, so check the response value using Fuzzy Matching provided by Karate. After you define the URL, you need to define a path to send a request. Feature: We use it to identify the feature file and give it a small title or a one line definition. For every HTTP request made from Karate, the internal flow is as follows: This makes setting up of complex authentication schemes for your test-flows really easy. This is exactly like match == but the order of arrays does not matter. One of these is the use of a Gherkin file, which describes the tested feature.However, unlike Cucumber, tests aren't written in Java and are fully described in the Gherkin file. Karates approach frees you from Maven, is far more expressive, allows you to eyeball all environments in one place, and is still a plain-text file. When you have a runner class in place, it would be possible to run it from the command-line as well. Singapore, city-state located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, about 85 miles (137 kilometres) north of the Equator. Note how even calls to Java code can be made if needed. You can choose between the string-placeholder style or directly refer to the variable foo (or even the whole row JSON as __row) in JSON-friendly expressions. In the case of the call of a JavaScript function, you can also pass a JSON array or a primitive (string, number, boolean) as the solitary argument, and the function implementation is expected to handle whatever is passed. While $ always refers to the JSON root, note the use of _$ above to represent the current node of a match each iteration. It may be easier for you to use the Karate Maven archetype to create a skeleton project with one command. request can have the 'Authorization' header set in a way that the server expects. And JSON arrays would become Java List-s. If you dont pass a handler (or it is null), the first message is returned. You can see what the result looks like here.